Biomolecules: Complete Guide for Class 12 WB HS Exam (Concepts + MCQs)
Biomolecules: Complete Guide for Class 12 WB HS Exam (Concepts + MCQs)
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🔹 Introduction to Biomolecules
Biomolecules are the essential organic compounds that support life. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and vitamins. These molecules play a vital role in cell structure, metabolism, and energy production.
In West Bengal Higher Secondary (WB HS) Chemistry, biomolecules are a key chapter in organic chemistry, and mastering their concepts can help in scoring well.
🔹 Classification of Biomolecules
1️⃣ Carbohydrates – Energy-providing molecules
- Monosaccharides (e.g., Glucose, Fructose)
- Disaccharides (e.g., Sucrose, Maltose)
- Polysaccharides (e.g., Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen)
2️⃣ Proteins – Structural and functional molecules
- Amino acids: The building blocks of proteins
- Peptide bonds: Link amino acids together
- Fibrous proteins (e.g., Collagen, Keratin)
- Globular proteins (e.g., Enzymes, Hemoglobin)
3️⃣ Lipids – Energy storage molecules
- Fats and Oils (Triglycerides)
- Phospholipids (Cell membrane structure)
- Steroids (e.g., Cholesterol, Hormones)
4️⃣ Nucleic Acids – Genetic information carriers
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) – Stores genetic code
- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) – Helps in protein synthesis
5️⃣ Enzymes – Biological catalysts
- Lock and Key model – Enzyme specificity
- Factors affecting enzyme activity – Temperature, pH, substrate concentration
6️⃣ Vitamins – Essential micronutrients
- Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex, C)
🔹 Most Important MCQs for WB HS Exam
📍 Carbohydrates & Lipids
1️⃣ Monosaccharides are the:
✅ a) Simplest form of carbohydrates
2️⃣ The formula of glucose is:
✅ b) C₆H₁₂O₆
3️⃣ The storage polysaccharide in plants is:
✅ c) Starch
4️⃣ The polysaccharide that forms the cell wall of plants is:
✅ a) Cellulose
5️⃣ Which sugar is found in milk?
✅ b) Lactose
6️⃣ The hydrolysis of triglycerides gives:
✅ a) Fatty acids and glycerol
7️⃣ The main function of lipids in the body is:
✅ c) Energy storage and cell membrane formation
📍 Proteins & Enzymes
8️⃣ The building blocks of proteins are:
✅ a) Amino acids
9️⃣ Proteins are linked by:
✅ b) Peptide bonds
🔟 The primary structure of a protein refers to:
✅ b) The sequence of amino acids
1️⃣1️⃣ The enzyme that converts starch into maltose is:
✅ c) Amylase
1️⃣2️⃣ The enzyme that helps in protein digestion in the stomach is:
✅ a) Pepsin
1️⃣3️⃣ The optimum pH for most enzymes is:
✅ b) Neutral or slightly acidic
1️⃣4️⃣ Enzyme activity is reduced at:
✅ b) Low temperatures and extreme pH
1️⃣5️⃣ Enzymes work by:
✅ c) Lowering activation energy
📍 Nucleic Acids & Genetic Material
1️⃣6️⃣ The full form of DNA is:
✅ a) Deoxyribonucleic acid
1️⃣7️⃣ DNA is composed of:
✅ b) Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases
1️⃣8️⃣ The base pair rule in DNA follows:
✅ c) A-T and G-C
1️⃣9️⃣ The nitrogen base present in RNA but not in DNA is:
✅ b) Uracil
2️⃣0️⃣ The sugar in RNA is:
✅ a) Ribose
📍 Vitamins & Biological Importance
2️⃣1️⃣ Vitamin C deficiency causes:
✅ b) Scurvy
2️⃣2️⃣ The deficiency of Vitamin D leads to:
✅ a) Rickets
2️⃣3️⃣ Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
✅ b) Vitamin K
2️⃣4️⃣ The deficiency of Vitamin A leads to:
✅ c) Night blindness
2️⃣5️⃣ Which vitamin helps in wound healing and immunity?
✅ a) Vitamin C
📍 Miscellaneous Questions
2️⃣6️⃣ The main component of cell membranes is:
✅ b) Phospholipids
2️⃣7️⃣ DNA replication occurs in the:
✅ a) Nucleus
2️⃣8️⃣ The major site for protein synthesis is:
✅ b) Ribosomes
2️⃣9️⃣ Enzymes are made of:
✅ c) Proteins
3️⃣0️⃣ The molecule that stores genetic information in all living organisms is:
✅ a) DNA
🔹 JEE-Level MCQs on Biomolecules
3️⃣1️⃣ Which of the following carbohydrates is a non-reducing sugar?
✅ b) Sucrose
3️⃣2️⃣ Which type of linkage is present in maltose?
✅ a) α-1,4-glycosidic bond
3️⃣3️⃣ The α-helix and β-pleated sheet structures are examples of:
✅ b) Secondary structure of proteins
3️⃣4️⃣ Which amino acid does not have a chiral center?
✅ c) Glycine
3️⃣5️⃣ What is the product of the complete hydrolysis of RNA?
✅ a) Ribose sugar, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups
3️⃣6️⃣ Which one of the following lipids is a phospholipid?
✅ c) Lecithin
3️⃣7️⃣ Which vitamin is also known as tocopherol?
✅ b) Vitamin E
3️⃣8️⃣ Which type of interaction stabilizes the tertiary structure of proteins?
✅ d) Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds
3️⃣9️⃣ Which enzyme is involved in DNA replication?
✅ a) DNA polymerase
4️⃣0️⃣ Which sugar is a pentose sugar?
✅ c) Ribose
🔹 NEET-Level MCQs on Biomolecules
4️⃣1️⃣ Which of the following biomolecules is the main component of cell membranes?
✅ b) Phospholipids
4️⃣2️⃣ Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeleton of insects?
✅ c) Chitin
4️⃣3️⃣ Which of the following is a coenzyme?
✅ d) NAD+
4️⃣4️⃣ The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP is:
✅ a) Adenylate cyclase
4️⃣5️⃣ Which type of RNA carries amino acids to ribosomes?
✅ b) tRNA (transfer RNA)
4️⃣6️⃣ Which vitamin deficiency causes Pellagra?
✅ d) Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
4️⃣7️⃣ Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA?
✅ b) Uracil
4️⃣8️⃣ The enzyme pepsin is secreted in which part of the digestive system?
✅ a) Stomach
4️⃣9️⃣ Which of the following is a purine base?
✅ c) Guanine
5️⃣0️⃣ Which type of bond joins two nucleotides in DNA?
✅ d) Phosphodiester bond
🔹 FAQs on Biomolecules (Class 12 WB HS Exam)
❓ What are the most important topics in Biomolecules for the WB HS Exam?
✔️ Focus on carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and vitamins.
❓ How can I easily memorize amino acids and their properties?
✔️ Use mnemonics and flashcards for quick recall.
❓ What is the best way to study biomolecules for the exam?
✔️ Practice MCQs, understand key definitions, and revise enzyme mechanisms.
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🔹 Biomolecules for Class 12 WB HS Chemistry
🔹 Functions of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
🔹 Most important MCQs on biomolecules for WB HS exam
🔹 Tricks to learn amino acids and protein structure
🔹 Difference between DNA and RNA in simple terms
🔹 Best way to study biomolecules for the Higher Secondary exam
🔹 Conclusion
These JEE and NEET-level MCQs will help students prepare for competitive exams alongside their West Bengal Higher Secondary Exam. By understanding concepts of biomolecules, students can improve their exam performance in both board exams and entrance tests.Biomolecules are an important chapter in Class 12 WB HS Chemistry. By mastering carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and nucleic acids, you can score full marks in this topic.
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